采用厌氧法处理高浓度有机废水，其优越性逐步得到人们的承认和重视，近年来厌氧技术得到很快发展，UASB厌氧处理工艺设备中上向流厌氧污泥来以其构造简单、处理效率高、效果好、适用范围广、占地面积小、处理成本低、投资省而被大量采用。
工艺原理
UASB反应器的上部设置气、固、液三相分离器，下部为污泥悬浮层区和污泥床区，废水由反应器底部均匀泵入污泥床区，与厌氧污泥充分接触反应，有机物被厌氧微生物分解成沼气。液体、气体与固体形成混合液流上升至三相分离器，使三者很好地分离，使80%以上的有机物被转化为沼气，完成废水处理过程。其优势主要体现在颗粒污泥的形成使反应器内的污泥浓度大幅度提高，水力停留时间因此大大缩短，从而提高运行效率。
工艺特点
1、UASB内污泥浓度高，平均污泥浓度为20－40gVSS/1；
2、有机负荷高，水力停留时间长，采用中温发酵时，溶积负荷一般为10kgCOD/m3.d左右；
3、无混合搅拌设备，靠发酵过程中产生的沼气的上升运动，使污泥床上部的污泥处于悬浮状态，对下部的污泥层也有一定程度的搅动；
4、污泥床不填载体，节省造价及避免因填料发生堵赛问题；
5、UASB内设三相分离器，通常不设沉淀池，被沉淀区分离出来的污泥重新回到污泥床反应区内，通常可以不设污泥回流设备。
适用范围
UASB反应器已经应用于多种类型的废水处理，如农产品加工废水、饮料加工废水、食品加工废水、煤油加工废水、制糖废水、制酒废水、屠宰废水、造纸废水、生活污水、制药废水等，同时产生沼气。
UASB process
Technology introduction
Anaerobic treatment of high concentration organic wastewater, its superiority gradually recognizedand attention, in recent years the anaerobic technology has been developed quickly, equipment of anaerobic treatment process of UASB in up flow anaerobic sludge with its simple structure, high treatment efficiency, good effect, wide application range, small occupied area, the cost of treatmentlow, investment is widely used.
Process principle
The upper UASB reactor set gas, solid, liquid three-phase separator, the lower part is suspended sludge layer region and sludge bed zone, wastewater by the reactor bottom uniform pump into thesludge bed zone, and anaerobic sludge full contact reaction, organic matter decomposition into biogas by anaerobic bacteria. Liquid, gas and solid to form mixed liquid flow up to three phase separator, so that the three well separated, so that the organic matter of more than 80% wereconverted to biogas, the completion of wastewater treatment process. Its advantages are mainly embodied in the formation of granular sludge to enhance the concentration of sludge greatly inside the reactor, hydraulic retention time is shorter, so as to improve the efficiency of.
Process characteristics
one;UASB, the average concentration of sludge is 2040gVSS/1;
two;high organic load, hydraulic retention time is long,useing mesophilic fermentation, volume load is generally about 10kgCOD/m3.d;
there: no mixing equipment, produced by fermentation of biogas process upward movement, the upper part of the sludge in the sludge bed suspended sludge layer on the lower part of the state, but also a certain degree of agitation;
four: the sludge bed does not fill the carrier, save cost and avoid the occurrence of plugging problem of packing;
five: the UASB is arranged in the three-phase separator, usually not set sedimentation tank wassettling zone separated sludge return to the sludge bed reaction zone usually can not be arrangedsludge reflux device.
The scope of applicatio
The UASB reactor has been used in various sewage treatment, such as food and beverageprocessing of agricultural products processing wastewater, wastewater, wastewater of processing,kerosene processing wastewater, sugar wastewater, alcohol wastewater, slaughter wastewater,papermaking wastewater, domestic wastewater, pharmaceutical wastewater, also produce methane.
